Models In Spatial Analysis Geographicali

Résumé du livre

Informationen zum Autor Lena Sanders is a senior scientist in geography at the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), France, specializing in urban geography, spatial analysis and dynamic modeling. She is Director of Géographie-cités, a research laboratory of CNRS-University Paris 1-University Paris 7, France. Klappentext This title provides a broad overview of the different types of models used in advanced spatial analysis. The models concern spatial organization, location factors and spatial interaction patterns from both static and dynamic perspectives. Each chapter gives a broad overview of the subject, covering both theoretical developments and practical applications. The advantages of an interdisciplinary approach are illustrated in the way that the viewpoint of each of the individual disciplines are brought together when considering questions relevant to spatial analysis. The authors of the chapters come from a range of different disciplines (geography, economy, hydrology, ecology, etc.) and are specialists in their field. They use a range of methods and modeling tools developed in mathematics, statistics, artificial intelligence and physics. Zusammenfassung This title provides a broad overview of the different types of models used in advanced spatial analysis. The models concern spatial organization! location factors and spatial interaction patterns from both static and dynamic perspectives. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xiii Introduction xv Chapter 1. Modeling Concepts Used in Spatial Analysis 1 François DURAND-DASTÈS 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Modeling universals 2 1.2.1. Logical frames for modeling 2 1.2.2. The language of models 6 1.2.2.1. Material or physical model languages 6 1.2.2.2. The language of images: iconic models 7 1.2.2.3. Modeling in mathematical language 9 1.3. A few specific features of spatial models 11 1.4. Spatial models: a study grid 16 1.4.1. Sequencing and explanation 16 1.4.2. The group and the individual 18 1.4.3. The random and the determined 20 1.4.4. Movement and balance 21 1.5. Conclusion 25 1.6. Bibliography 26 Chapter 2. Geographical Scales and Multidimensional Statistical Methods 29 Hélène MATHIAN and Marie PIRON 2.1. Introduction 29 2.2. Scaling issues 31 2.2.1. The consideration of different geographical levels: two possible approaches 31 2.2.2. Formalization of relations between two levels 33 2.2.2.1. Nested relations and partition graph 33 2.2.2.2. Neighborhood relations and proximity graphs 35 2.2.3. Processing of multilevel information 37 2.2.3.1. Multilevel structure and attributes 37 2.2.3.2. Multidimensional statistical methods 39 2.3. Change of levels, change of structures 40 2.3.1. Scale and variability 41 2.3.2. Exploratory analysis of the scale system 41 2.3.2.1. Analysis of aggregated levels or interclass analysis 43 2.3.2.2. Transition analysis between two levels or intraclass analysis 45 2.3.3. Application of outlying Ouagadougou space to the social and spatial organization 46 2.4. Integration of the different levels 51 2.4.1. The scale: a set of territorial and spatial references 51 2.4.2. The analysis of local differences 55 2.4.3. Other local analysis methods 58 2.5. Multilevel models 59 2.5.1. Contextual effects and regression models 60 2.5.2. Multilevel modeling 65 2.6. Conclusion 68 2.7. Bibliography 69 Chapter 3. Location of Public Services: From Theory to Application 73 Dominique PEETERS and Isabelle THOMAS 3.1. Introduction 73 3.2. The modeling approach 75 3.2.1. A typology of public services: an...